Welcome to the world of Medicinal Cannabis in Australia! An exciting and evolving landscape, with potential therapeutic applications that might just change the face of medicine as we know it.
Key Takeaways
Medicinal cannabis in Australia is legal but requires a doctor’s prescription and is not subsidized by the government, involving cannabinoids like THC and CBD for therapeutic use.
Potential therapeutic applications for medicinal cannabis in Australia include chronic pain, epilepsy, anxiety, PTSD, certain cancers, and symptoms of diseases like multiple sclerosis and Crohn’s disease, although effectiveness varies.
Accessing medicinal cannabis in Australia is a regulated process with specific government approvals needed; it comes in various forms like oils, capsules, and dried flowers, and patients should be aware of possible side effects and drug interactions.
Understanding Medicinal Cannabis in Australia
For many in Australia, cannabis is more than a plant; it holds the potential to change lives. Medicinal cannabis, essentially pharmaceutical preparations derived from the cannabis plant, is being used to treat a variety of medical conditions. However, obtaining it isn’t as straightforward as making a regular store purchase. A doctor needs to prescribe it, ensuring it is a suitable treatment for the patient’s condition.
Current research exploring the therapeutic effects of cannabis and cannabinoids continues to progress. Yet, the initial findings are promising, suggesting considerable benefits in managing chronic pain not related to cancer, along with other conditions such as epilepsy and anxiety.
What are medicinal cannabinoids?
Cannabinoids are compounds found in the cannabis plant, like THC and CBD, that are used for therapeutic purposes. Unlike recreational cannabis, medicinal cannabinoids are prescribed by doctors for specific conditions. THC, also known as delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, is the component that can make you feel “high”, while CBD, or cannabidiol, doesn’t have this effect. The combination of these cannabinoids is usually prescribed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.
However, THC and CBD aren’t the only significant players. Other cannabinoids like cannabinol (CBN), THCV, and delta-8-THC are also present in legal medicinal cannabis products. And yes, scientists are exploring the potential benefits of these other cannabinoids too!.
Legal status in Australia
While medicinal cannabis is legal in Australia, it requires a doctor’s prescription. The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) regulates the supply of medicinal cannabis. This regulation is important for ensuring safe and controlled access to this treatment. However, it’s not listed on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), which means it may not be subsidized by the government.
Pharmacists can only provide most medicinal cannabis products adhering strictly to prescription instructions, ensuring that unapproved medicinal cannabis products are not dispensed. Registered medicinal cannabis products have undergone the same regulatory process as other prescription medicines, ensuring the quality and safety of the medicinal cannabis product dispensed to patients.
The Medical Application of Cannabinoids
The potential therapeutic applications of medicinal cannabinoids are extensive. They include:
These applications are backed by robust clinical trials and ongoing research, making medical cannabis a promising treatment option for various conditions, including those that benefit from medicinal cannabis and medical marijuana.
It’s important, however, to keep in mind that the effectiveness may vary depending on the condition. For instance, cannabinoids have shown a modest effect on chronic pain, while the evidence for treating cancers, including glioma, is still insufficient.
Chronic pain management
Chronic pain management is one of the most common reasons patients turn to medicinal cannabis. An array of studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in managing chronic pain in adults.
Interestingly, the use of medicinal cannabis could lead to a decrease in opioid use among pain patients, providing an alternative way to manage pain and potentially helping to address the opioid crisis.
Epilepsy treatment
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal brain activity leading to seizures. The potential of medicinal cannabis, particularly in children with severe forms of epilepsy, is promising.
Both THC and CBD have been shown to prevent seizures in animal models. Nonetheless, it’s worth mentioning that approximately a third of people with epilepsy still experience seizures despite using antiepileptic medications.
Multiple sclerosis and spasticity
Multiple sclerosis is a long-term condition that can affect the brain and spinal cord, causing a wide range of potential symptoms. One of these symptoms, spasticity, can be managed with the help of cannabis.
Cannabinoids, specifically nabiximols, have shown effectiveness in alleviating spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Patients have reported improvements in spasticity rating compared to a placebo, marking a significant breakthrough in symptom management.
Sleep disorders
Sleep disorders can be debilitating, significantly impacting a person’s quality of life. Cannabinoids, specifically Nabilone and CBD, have shown promise in improving sleep disorders.
Notably, cannabinoids can aid in improving sleep latency and slow-wave sleep. However, long-term use of THC can lead to tolerance and potential sleep disturbances upon cessation.
Anxiety disorders
Anxiety disorders can be crippling, often requiring long-term management strategies. The role of the endocannabinoid system in mood regulation suggests potential benefits of cannabinoids for anxiety disorders.
Clinical evidence has shown short-term benefits of cannabinoids in self-reported anxiety symptoms. For instance, cannabidiol was associated with improved outcomes during a simulated public speaking test for patients with generalized social anxiety disorder.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
PTSD is a mental health condition triggered by a terrifying event. Recent research suggests that medicinal cannabis can help manage PTSD symptoms. In particular, Nabilone has shown effectiveness in improving nightmares, overall clinical state, and general well-being more than a placebo. However, more research is needed to validate these findings.
Certain types of cancer (as a complement to other treatments)
The potential application of cannabinoids in the treatment of certain types of cancer is a hot topic of research. In vivo studies have found an antitumor effect of cannabinoids, suggesting a potential role in regulating cancer processes.
Nonetheless, it’s worth highlighting that cannabinoids aren’t a standalone cancer treatment, but they can potentially complement other cancer treatments.
Appetite loss and anorexia related to chronic illnesses such as HIV/AIDS
Appetite loss, anorexia, and nausea and vomiting can be side effects of chronic illnesses like HIV/AIDS. Medicinal cannabis, particularly dronabinol, has been used to treat anorexia in AIDS patients experiencing weight loss.
Yet, the supportive evidence for the use of cannabis and cannabinoids in treating AIDS-related anorexia is limited, with its effectiveness and safety not yet validated.
Symptoms related to inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease
Inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease, can cause debilitating symptoms. Cannabinoids have the potential to relieve symptoms associated with these diseases, helping manage conditions like abdominal pain and diarrhea.
Still, further research is required to comprehensively determine the effectiveness of cannabinoids and their influence on the underlying inflammatory processes in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Accessing Medicinal Cannabis in Australia
Obtaining medicinal cannabis in Australia involves a regulated process that necessitates a doctor’s prescription along with requisite government approvals. So, it’s not as straightforward as picking it off a shelf in a pharmacy.
The prescription process is handled by medical practitioners who evaluate whether medicinal cannabis is suitable for the patient’s condition. They also arrange the required approvals for medicinal cannabis.
Doctor’s approval and prescription
The journey to acquire medicinal cannabis starts with a doctor’s endorsement and prescription. Any registered medical practitioner or nurse practitioner can prescribe medicinal cannabis to any patient with any medical condition.
If the doctor believes it’s right for you, they can apply to the TGA for authorization to prescribe certain medicinal cannabis products without having to seek approval for each prescription.
Government approvals
Government approvals are crucial for accessing medicinal cannabis. The TGA oversees the supply of medicinal cannabis in Australia, guaranteeing the products adhere to standards of quality, safety, and efficacy.
To get TGA approval, you have to either notify or apply to the TGA for approval through the Special Access Scheme (SAS) or Authorised Prescriber pathway. Once all necessary information is provided, approvals are usually processed within 2 working days.
Types of Medicinal Cannabis Products Available
A wide variety of medicinal cannabis products are accessible to patients in Australia, catering to an array of preferences and needs. These include tablets, oils, tinctures, and other extracts, all of which are forms of a medicinal cannabis product.
Each product type has its unique attributes that make it suitable for different purposes and methods of administration. Let’s delve deeper into the most common types of medicinal cannabis products: oils and tinctures, pills and capsules, and dried flowers.
Oils and tinctures
Oils and tinctures are liquid forms of medicinal cannabis. They are made by extracting the active compounds from the cannabis plant and mixing them with a carrier liquid such as coconut or olive oil.
These liquid forms are usually taken by placing them under the tongue, allowing for direct absorption into the bloodstream. They have been reported to help with conditions like:
arthritis-related pain
other types of pain
anxiety
depression
Pills and capsules
Pills and capsules provide a convenient method for oral administration of medicinal cannabis. They are filled with cannabis extract diluted in a food-grade oil.
The dosages vary, and it is crucial to discuss with a healthcare professional to determine the right dosage for individual needs. The effects of medicinal cannabis pills and capsules usually kick in within 30 minutes to 1 hour after intake.
Dried flowers
Dried flowers are another form of medicinal cannabis. They can be vaporized and inhaled, which is considered safer than smoking and delivers a more potent dose. To vaporize properly, you would need a TGA-approved dry-herb vaporizer and the correct temperature settings. However, inhaling vaporized medicinal cannabis dried flowers could cause potential risks like acute toxic emissions and respiratory symptoms such as dry cough.
Potential Side Effects and Risks
As with any medication, medicinal cannabis also presents potential side effects and risks. These can include:
Feeling tired
Feeling dizzy
Feeling nauseous
Experiencing anxiety
Experiencing paranoia
These side effects are more common with THC-containing products. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before using medicinal cannabis.
In addition, while rare, severe adverse events may transpire. These include issues related to driving, cognitive impairment, and drug dependence.
Adverse events
Potential adverse events linked to the use of medicinal cannabis can raise concerns. Particularly, products containing THC can cause:
Dry mouth
Dizziness
Sedation
Dysphoria
Decreased physical function
To mitigate these, it’s best to use CBD-predominant types during the day, start with a small dose and slowly increase it, and use validated tools to screen and assess patients.
Drug interactions
Interactions between medicinal cannabis and other medications can potentially alter their effectiveness or induce toxicity. It can impact how well other medications work by interfering with the enzymes that break down drugs in the body.
Some medications known to interact negatively with medicinal cannabis include:
Sympathomimetics
Central nervous system depressants
Warfarin
Tacrolimus
Methadone
Tamoxifen
Ketoconazole
Rifampin
Sulfamethoxazole
Carbamazepine
N-desmethylclobazam
Driving and Medicinal Cannabis Use
Operating a vehicle post using medicinal cannabis, especially those containing THC, can impact abilities and heighten accident risks. In Australia, it’s illegal to drive with any amount of THC in your system, even if it’s from medicinal cannabis.
Oral THC products can impair driving skills and heighten accident risks for approximately 8 hours after consumption. It’s crucial to be aware of these risks before deciding to drive.
Growing Your Own Medicinal Cannabis in Australia
In most parts of Australia, cultivating personal medicinal cannabis is currently illegal, with the exception of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). In the ACT, residents can have up to 50 grams of dry cannabis or 150 grams of wet cannabis, and they’re allowed to grow up to two cannabis plants per person or a maximum of four plants per household. However, even though cannabis is decriminalized in the ACT, it’s still federally illegal.
Costs and Subsidies for Medicinal Cannabis
For many patients, the cost of medicinal cannabis in Australia is a substantial factor to consider. Unfortunately, the Australian government doesn’t currently subsidize medicinal cannabis products, and patients must bear the full cost of their treatment.
The average cost of medicinal cannabis in Australia can range from $50 to $1000 per patient per week. The cost varies depending on individual needs, treatment format, dosage requirements, and brand.
Clinical Trials and Ongoing Research
Clinical trials along with ongoing research play a pivotal role in comprehending the potential benefits and uses of medicinal cannabis for a range of medical conditions. In Australia, several clinical trials are exploring the use of medicinal cannabis in:
Chronic pain
Anxiety
PTSD
Other conditions
To further understand its implications, it is essential to discuss medicinal cannabis with healthcare professionals and researchers.
Patients have the opportunity to participate in these trials, thereby contributing to the expanding knowledge base on medicinal cannabis. However, it’s important to note that the guidance for doctors prescribing medicinal cannabis is still general, and it’s left to doctors to use their judgment and consider the patient’s situation and available evidence.
Summary
We’ve explored the world of medicinal cannabis in Australia, examining its potential therapeutic uses, legal aspects, and ongoing research. The landscape is rapidly evolving, and as more research emerges, we’re likely to see a better understanding of the full potential of medicinal cannabis. It’s an exciting time in the realm of medicine, and medicinal cannabis is undoubtedly playing a significant role in shaping the future of healthcare.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is cannabinoid oil legal in Australia?
No, cannabinoid oil is not legal in Australia for direct sale without a prescription. Only hemp seed products containing minimal CBD are allowed to be sold without a prescription, but these contain insignificant amounts of CBD.
Is Delta 9 legal in Australia?
No, Delta 9 is not legal in Australia due to specific regulations and its status as a controlled substance. Make sure to stay informed about the current regulations to avoid any legal issues.
How can cannabinoids be used as medicine?
Cannabinoids can be used as medicine to treat conditions such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and symptoms associated with cancer and its treatment. They have shown promising evidence in providing relief for these conditions.
What do cannabinoids do to the body?
Cannabinoids can help reduce chronic pain and relieve spasticity in conditions like multiple sclerosis. They also regulate various bodily functions and can affect mood, appetite, and pain perception.
What are the applications of cannabinoids?
Cannabinoids have various applications, including relief from conditions such as spasticity in multiple sclerosis, chronic pain, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. They are also used for their anti-inflammatory and relaxing properties.
If someone had told me years ago that I would be using cannabis for pain relief, specifically to manage my chronic joint and back pain, I might have been skeptical. But here I am, sharing my personal journey of discovering the powerful pain-relieving properties of cannabis pain relief and how it has not only improved my quality of life but also allowed me to move away from relying on pharmaceuticals and their terrible side effects.
As we delve deeper into the realm of cannabis for pain relief, it’s crucial to comprehend the science, facts, and research that underpin it. But it’s also important to share my personal journey, the transformation that took place in my life when I embraced cannabis as a pain management tool.
Goodbye Painkillers
Coming off painkillers was no easy feat. The withdrawal symptoms were challenging, and the fear of unmanaged pain was always at the back of my mind. However, the introduction of cannabis into my pain management regimen marked a turning point in my journey. The transition was gradual, but the changes were profound.
I started noticing improvements in my overall health and well-being. The constant fog that had been a side effect of the painkillers began to lift. I found myself more present, more engaged in my day-to-day life. My sleep improved, and so did my mood. I was able to participate in activities that I had previously avoided due to pain or the fear of pain.
But the most significant change was in my quality of life. I was no longer just surviving each day, but actually living. I was able to enjoy simple pleasures that I had taken for granted before the onset of chronic pain – a walk in the park, a game with my kids, a peaceful night’s sleep.
Switching to cannabis for pain relief wasn’t just about managing pain. It was about reclaiming my life from the clutches of chronic pain and the side effects of pharmaceuticals. And while cannabis may not be the solution for everyone, it was, without a doubt, a game-changer for me.
Cannabis Pain Relief: Key Takeaways
Exploring Cannabis Pain Relief involves understanding its long history of use to treat pain, navigating regulations for access and learning from personal experience.
Clinical evidence supports cannabis as an effective treatment for chronic non-cancer pain but consulting a healthcare professional is essential before using it.
Understanding Cannabis and Pain Relief
Cannabis has been used to treat pain for over 5,000 years, with early Chinese physicians using it for conditions such as:
childbirth pain
rheumatic pain
malaria
constipation
Despite this long history, the use of medicinal cannabis for both chronic pain and acute pain management is still a subject of ongoing research and debate.
The regulatory landscape for prescribing medical cannabis varies from state to state, making it difficult for patients suffering from chronic pain to access this potential source of relief. My personal experience with chronic joint and back pain led me to explore cannabis as a treatment option. I was on a multitude of painkillers and opiates, which came with terrible side effects. Since turning to medicinal cannabis, I no longer rely on pharmaceuticals, and my quality of life has improved beyond measure. It feels amazing to be free from the “big pharma system”, but also to have experienced such a wonderful reduction of my chronic pain. Only when I came off the opiates did I really find out just how terrible they are for your physical and mental health.
Conditions and Ailments Treated with Cannabis
Cannabis has been used for its medicinal properties for centuries and is currently employed to alleviate symptoms in a variety of conditions. Here are some of the most common ailments where cannabis has shown promising results:
Chronic Pain
As discussed extensively in this article, one of the primary uses of cannabis is for the relief of chronic pain. Conditions that cause chronic pain, such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, endometriosis, and migraine, may benefit from cannabis use.
Multiple Sclerosis
Cannabis may help alleviate the muscle spasms experienced by individuals with multiple sclerosis. While it doesn’t cure the disease, it can help with the discomfort and uncontrollable muscle contractions.
Nausea and Vomiting
Cannabis, particularly strains high in THC, can help control nausea and vomiting. It’s often used by cancer patients who experience these side effects from chemotherapy.
Epilepsy
Specific types of cannabis, particularly strains high in CBD, have shown promise in treating certain types of epilepsy, including Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Mental Health Disorders
Some mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), may be managed with cannabis use. However, it’s important to note that in some cases, cannabis can exacerbate symptoms, so it’s crucial to use it under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Glaucoma
Cannabis has been used to treat glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure. It’s not a cure, but it can help slow the progression of the disease.
Insomnia
Cannabis, particularly strains high in THC, can induce drowsiness and help individuals who struggle with insomnia.
It’s important to remember that while cannabis can help manage symptoms of these conditions, it should not replace traditional therapies unless advised by a healthcare professional. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment regimen.
THC vs. CBD
Discussing cannabis necessitates a distinction between THC and CBD, the plant’s two primary components. THC is the psychoactive component responsible for the “high” associated with cannabis, while CBD is a non-psychoactive compound that has gained popularity for its potential benefits, including relief from neuropathic pain caused by conditions like spinal cord injury.
CBD has been the focus of research for its potential use in treating various conditions, including addiction, drug withdrawal, and providing significant pain relief. On the other hand, THC has been associated with side effects like dizziness, increased appetite, drowsiness, mood changes, anxiety, and impaired cognition and attention. However, when using THC for pain management, starting with a low dose (2.5-5 mg/day) and gradually increasing it up to 10-20 mg/day can help avoid potential side effects and acute intoxication.
Interestingly, the interplay between THC and CBD can have a significant impact on pain relief. FAAH inhibitors, for example, could provide pain relief by increasing endocannabinoid concentrations in the body. Pain and inflammation control depend on the endocannabinoid tone, which is regulated by enzymes that manage the production, transport, and breakdown of endocannabinoids.
The choice between THC and CBD for pain relief depends on several factors, such as the type of pain, personal preferences, and potential side effects. Consulting a healthcare professional can help guide individuals in selecting the most appropriate cannabis product for their specific needs.
Clinical Evidence Supporting Cannabis Pain Relief
While there is a growing interest in the use of cannabis for pain relief, it is essential to review the clinical evidence supporting its effectiveness in treating various types of chronic pain, including neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and arthritis.
A review by Australian researchers concluded that the evidence supporting the effectiveness of cannabinoids in chronic non-cancer pain is limited. The primary outcomes for assessing the effectiveness of medicinal cannabis in treating chronic non-cancer pain include the impact of pain and pain management on patient functioning and quality of life. Despite a few studies suggesting that nabilone, cannabis sativa, THC:CBD extracts, and ajulemic acid may be more effective than placebo in producing a 30% reduction in pain, the evidence is limited due to the small sample sizes of these studies.
Further research, including randomised controlled trials and other clinical trials, is necessary for a better understanding of medicinal cannabis’s role in chronic pain management and for establishing clear usage guidelines.
Neuropathic Pain
Neuropathic pain, a common type of chronic pain, has been a focus of research on cannabis for pain relief. One study of 20 individuals with chronic neuropathic pain showed that taking 120 mg/day of CBD was more effective than taking a placebo. However, potential drug interactions and adverse events should be carefully considered when using cannabis for neuropathic pain.
While more research is necessary to form definitive guidelines for using cannabis for chemotherapy induced neuropathic pain, existing evidence suggests a potential 50% reduction in pain and lower pain scores for patients using medicinal cannabis, compared to those on a placebo.
Fibromyalgia and Arthritis
Research on cannabis for pain relief in fibromyalgia and arthritis is still in its infancy, with limited evidence available to support its use in these conditions. A study conducted in Israel showed that patients who used consumed cannabis for several months experienced less cancer-related pain and improved quality of life. However, more research is needed to determine the effectiveness of cannabis in treating pain caused by fibromyalgia and arthritis.
Consulting a healthcare professional is necessary to decide on the most suitable cannabis product and administration method for pain relief in cases of fibromyalgia and arthritis. This will ensure that patients receive the most effective treatment while minimizing potential risks and adverse effects.
Cannabis Treatment Options for Chronic Pain
There are various cannabis treatment options for chronic pain, including pharmaceutical-grade products and alternative methods of administration. Pharmaceutical-grade products, such as nabiximols, dronabinol, and THC extracts, have been rigorously tested and certified for their safety and effectiveness. On the other hand, recreational cannabis typically has higher THC concentrations, while medicinal cannabis has higher CBD concentrations to minimize psychoactive effects.
In managing and trying to treat chronic pain, I experimented with various cannabis products and administration methods for treating chronic pain. I discovered that edibles offered me the most substantial pain relief…. by far!
Pharmaceutical-Grade Products
Pharmaceutical-grade medicinal cannabis products are an excellent option for those seeking safe and effective pain relief. These products, such as nabiximols, dronabinol, and THC extracts, have undergone rigorous testing and certification for their safety and efficacy.
The differences between recreational and medicinal cannabis lie in their concentrations of THC and CBD. For pain relief:
THC formulations have the strongest evidence for reducing chronic pain symptoms
CBD-dominant products have limited data demonstrating their efficacy
Balanced THC/CBD combination medicines have also shown efficacy for chronic pain relief.
Discussing with a healthcare professional about the most suitable pharmaceutical-grade product for your specific pain needs is necessary. This discussion should consider potential benefits and risks associated with each product.
Alternative Methods of Administration
Alternative methods of cannabis administration, such as vaporization and edibles, can also provide pain relief for individuals with chronic pain. Vaporization involves heating cannabis plant material or concentrates without burning it, producing aerosolized cannabinoids and terpenes that can be inhaled for therapeutic effects.
In my experience, alternative methods of administration, such as vaporization and edibles, have provided significant pain relief.
Potential Risks and Adverse Effects of Cannabis for Pain Relief
As with any treatment, there are potential risks and adverse effects associated with using cannabis for pain relief. In my personal experience, I have encountered some adverse events while using cannabis for pain management, but these were manageable and did not outweigh the benefits I experienced.
Some potential adverse events related to cannabis use include:
Dizziness
Nausea
Drowsiness
Changes in mood, thinking, and focus
Moreover, the long-term use of medicinal cannabis for chronic non-cancer pain requires further research to determine potential adverse effects.
Weighing the potential benefits of using cannabis for pain relief against possible harms to patients is critical. Any prescription of medicinal cannabis should consider harm minimization, especially for those who drive or operate heavy machinery.
Adverse Events
Potential adverse events associated with cannabis use should be carefully considered when using it for pain relief. Withdrawal syndrome, for example, can occur when suddenly stopping cannabis use and may cause sleep disturbances, depression, and irritability.
Moreover, using medicinal cannabis has been linked to worsening mental illnesses like schizophrenia. In one study, around half of the people with cannabis-induced psychosis ended up being diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Monitoring and managing adverse events related to cannabis use is critical for ensuring safe and effective pain management.
Drug Interactions
Potential drug interactions with cannabis should also be considered when using it for pain management. CBD, for example, can interact with certain drugs because it interacts with cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) enzymes involved in drug metabolism.
Cardiovascular medications, prescription medications, warfarin, tamoxifen, and painkillers are all known to interact with cannabinoids. These interactions can result in:
Bleeding complications
Increased drowsiness
Reduced heart rate and breathing rate
Extreme confusion
Memory problems
Nausea
A healthcare professional’s consultation is necessary to assess the potential benefits and risks of using cannabis for pain relief, including potential drug interactions and monitoring the patient’s treatment response.
Cannabis as an Adjunct or Alternative to Opioids
In my personal experience, using cannabis for pain relief has allowed me to reduce my opioid use and dependence significantly.
A recent study showed a 64% reduction in opioid use among chronic pain patients who used medical marijuana, resulting in fewer side effects and an improved quality of life. Another study on CBD-rich gel for chronic pain patients taking opioids found that half of the patients managed to cut back on their opioid medications, with two even stopping opioids altogether.
Cannabis may offer a promising alternative or adjunct to opioids for pain relief. It has the potential to:
Optimize pain control
Reduce opioid withdrawal symptoms
Improve outcomes of opioid-replacement therapies
Reduce prescription opioid intake
Patient Considerations and Guidelines for Cannabis Use in Pain Management
Patients considering cannabis for pain relief need guidance to ensure their pain management is safe and effective. Selecting the right cannabis product and consulting a healthcare professional can help patients make informed decisions about their treatment options.
In my experience, collaborating closely with healthcare professionals and identifying the suitable cannabis product for my pain relief has been pivotal in effectively managing my chronic pain.
It is important to discuss any concerns or questions with a healthcare professional, who can provide valuable insight and guidance on the potential benefits and risks of using cannabis for pain management, as well as monitoring progress and adjusting treatment plans if needed.
Selecting the Right Product
Choosing the appropriate cannabis product for pain relief is an important step in managing chronic pain. Factors to consider include the type of pain, personal preferences, and potential side effects. The role of terpenes in cannabis products should also be considered, as they can interact with cannabinoids like CBD and THC to boost their pain-relieving powers, known as the ‘entourage effect’.
Consulting a healthcare professional or knowledgeable dispensary staff can assist individuals in choosing the most suitable cannabis product for their specific pain needs, considering the potential benefits and risks associated with each product.
Summary
In conclusion, the use of cannabis for pain relief offers a promising alternative or adjunct treatment for individuals suffering from chronic pain. While more research is needed to fully understand its role in pain management, existing evidence and personal experiences suggest that cannabis can provide significant pain relief for various types of chronic pain.
As we continue to explore the potential of cannabis in pain management, it is essential to consult with healthcare professionals, select the right product, and consider the potential risks and adverse effects associated with its use. With the proper guidance and support, cannabis can be a powerful tool in improving the quality of life for those living with chronic pain.
Frequently Asked Questions
How does eating or smoking cannabis help with pain?
Smoking cannabis helps to alleviate pain by targeting cannabinoid receptors and aiding the passing of messages between nerve cells, making it a useful treatment for neuropathic pain.
Is THC or CBD better for pain?
Overall, it appears that THC may be more effective in reducing pain perception while CBD may work to ease the physical pain itself. Therefore, it would depend on the type of pain being experienced as to which is better. Check this article.
How long does cannabis take to work for pain?
Cannabis can start relieving pain in as little as 20 minutes and can take up to an hour to take full effect. For ongoing treatment, ingestion is the best option.
What are the main components of cannabis that can provide pain relief?
Cannabis provides pain relief through its two main components, THC and CBD. THC is the psychoactive component while CBD is non-psychoactive and has potential benefits for various conditions, including neuropathic pain. Read here.
What is the current state of research on cannabis for pain relief?
Research on cannabis for pain relief is still ongoing, with evidence suggesting its effectiveness but requiring further studies before clear guidelines can be established.
The ongoing debate surrounding the use of cannabis and its derivatives, particularly CBD and THC, continues to spark curiosity and interest. In this article, we will delve into the complex world of these two cannabinoids, exploring their origins, functions, medical applications, psychoactive properties, potential adverse effects, and legal status in the context of CBD vs THC. Furthermore, we will examine the intriguing concept of the entourage effect, where CBD and THC are believed to work synergistically, potentially enhancing the therapeutic benefits of cannabis.
CBD vs THC: Key Takeaways
Understanding CBD and THC is essential to comprehend their properties, effects on the body, and interactions with our systems.
Both compounds have potential medical applications. CBD has therapeutic benefits for epilepsy, depression, anxiety etc., while THC can treat chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting & AIDS appetite loss.
The entourage effect of combining both may lead to improved outcomes for conditions such as pain or mental health disorders due to increased efficacy & bioavailability.
Understanding CBD vs THC
Cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are the two primary cannabinoids present in cannabis plants, each with its unique properties and effects on the body. While THC is responsible for the psychoactive effects commonly associated with cannabis use, CBD is non-intoxicating and has gained significant attention for its potential medical benefits.
Navigating the world of medical cannabis requires a clear understanding of the distinctions between CBD and THC, along with their interactions with our bodies.
Origin and Structure
CBD and THC both originate from the Cannabis sativa plant, with THC being the primary psychoactive component responsible for the euphoric feeling experienced when smoking marijuana or consuming edibles. Discovered and isolated by Israeli chemist Raphael Mechoulam in 1964, THC has since been the subject of numerous studies, including those related to substance abuse.
On the other hand, CBD is another compound of the cannabis plant, related to THC but lacking its psychoactive effects. The molecular structures of both these cannabinoids consist of fused rings and an ether, found in the Cannabis sativa plant. Their biosynthesis pathways involve the formation of cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), which then cyclizes to form either tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) or cannabidiolic acid (CBDA).
CBD vs THC: Primary Functions
CBD and THC interact with the endocannabinoid system, a biological system responsible for regulating various physiological processes in our body through cannabinoid receptors.
THC exhibits a strong binding affinity to CB1 receptors in the brain, resulting in psychoactive effects such as:
hypolocomotion
hypothermia
catalepsy
analgesia
However, CBD exhibits a weak binding affinity to CB1 receptors, thus not inducing psychoactive effects like THC does.
The potential therapeutic window of THC is influenced by its pharmacodynamic tolerance, which may limit the maximal effects of certain drugs but also reduce undesirable effects, enhancing its therapeutic potential. Research suggests that THC may help regulate breathing patterns during sleep, potentially benefiting those with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, chronic THC use has been associated with several potential adverse effects, including psychiatric conditions and cardiovascular issues.
Medical Applications of CBD vs THC
Both CBD and THC have demonstrated potential medical applications, with some treatments receiving FDA approval and ongoing research exploring additional therapeutic uses. Despite being regulated by the Drug Enforcement Administration, these compounds, including medical marijuana, continue to gain interest in the medical community.
Subsequent sections discuss the specific medical uses of CBD and THC, emphasizing potential benefits in treating an array of conditions.
CBD Medical Uses
CBD has shown promising results in the treatment of epilepsy, anxiety relief, and potential benefits for other conditions. The FDA-approved medication Epidiolex, which contains CBD, is utilized to treat rare, hard-to-control forms of epilepsy. Furthermore, CBD oil may assist with symptoms associated with depression, anxiety, insomnia, and schizophrenia.
Despite Epidiolex being the sole FDA-approved medication containing CBD, it’s important to highlight CBD’s broad medical applications. These include managing symptoms of:
depression
anxiety
insomnia
schizophrenia
The expanding research on CBD’s medical uses underscores its potential therapeutic benefits, bolstering its popularity as a promising treatment option.
THC Medical Uses
THC has proven effective in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, as well as stimulating appetite in AIDS patients. The FDA has approved synthetic THC compounds nabilone and dronabinol for these specific applications. However, it is essential to consider potential contraindications, such as hypersensitivity to cannabinoids or any components present in their formulation, when prescribing these treatments. In some cases, doctors may prescribe medical cannabis as an alternative option for patients who do not respond well to synthetic THC compounds.
Research is currently being conducted to evaluate the efficiency of THC in treating fibromyalgia and other forms of chronic pain. Careful evaluation of a patient’s medical history and potential drug interactions is necessary when prescribing THC-based treatments. Furthermore, patients should be thoroughly instructed on the proper use of these medications to minimize any potential psychomotor impairment.
Psychoactive Properties and Effects
A significant distinction between CBD and THC lies in their psychoactive properties and effects on the body and mind. While THC is well-known for producing the “high” associated with cannabis use, CBD has minimal or non-existent psychoactive effects.
Subsequent sections will contrast the psychoactive properties and effects of CBD and THC, elucidating their contribution to the overall cannabis experience.
CBD vs THC Psychoactive Effects
CBD does not produce the euphoric sensation commonly associated with cannabis, as it has a relatively low affinity for CB1 receptors in the brain. Studies have shown that CBD can:
Counteract the adverse effects of THC, even at low dosages
Help to generate a more balanced and clear-headed experience
Interact with various receptors, including serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate receptors
Result in increased levels of serotonin and anandamide in the brain
Although CBD is generally considered safe and well-tolerated, some individuals may experience altered mental states after using CBD. These may include:
Depression
Suicidal ideations
Confusion
Hallucinations
However, it is important to note that these cases are relatively rare and may vary depending on individual factors.
THC Psychoactive Effects
THC, the primary psychoactive component in cannabis, binds to endocannabinoid receptors in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia, which are responsible for cognitive processes, memory, pleasure, coordination, and motor skills. The immediate psychoactive effects of THC may include laughter, altered perception of time, and increased appetite, especially when smoking cannabis.
The potential long-term psychoactive effects of THC are still under debate and require further research. However, some studies suggest that chronic THC use may be linked to the following conditions:
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
Psychiatric conditions, including fear, distrust, hallucinations, stupor, seizures, and post traumatic stress disorder.
Potential Adverse Effects and Risks
Being mindful of the potential adverse effects and risks associated with CBD and THC use, including both immediate and long-term consequences, is necessary.
Upcoming sections delve into the specific adverse effects and risks of CBD and THC use, offering a comprehensive understanding of these cannabinoids’ potential drawbacks.
CBD Adverse Effects
Commonly reported side effects of CBD include:
Dry mouth
Low blood pressure
Lightheadedness
Drowsiness
Sedation
Somnolence
Fatigue
Lethargy
Malaise
Gastrointestinal issues
Reduced appetite
Nausea
Irritability
Diarrhea
In some cases, signs of liver injury have also been reported. While CBD is generally considered safe, there are some potential long-term health complications associated with its usage, such as diarrhea, changes in appetite and weight, fatigue, and potential drug interactions.
Given CBD’s generally mild and well-tolerated nature, the potential adverse effects and risks linked to its use still warrant consideration. High doses of CBD have been associated with liver impairment and injury, whereas lower doses commonly found in over-the-counter products are generally well-tolerated.
THC Adverse Effects
Individuals with a genetic predisposition or strong family history of schizophrenia may be susceptible to the onset of the condition if they take regular or large doses of THC. It is important to be mindful of this risk. Long-term THC use has been associated with:
Cognitive impairment
Anxiety
Paranoia
Increased risks of psychosis
Brain fog
Decreased motivation
Trouble with learning and attention
Decrease in gray matter volume
Increased risk of mental health disorders
Changes in brain morphology associated with memory and executive function
THC has the potential to be both physically and psychologically addictive, with research suggesting that approximately 9 percent of marijuana users develop an addiction to THC. It is crucial to be aware of the potential adverse effects and risks associated with THC use and to exercise caution in its consumption.
Interactions with Other Medications
Interactions between CBD vs THC, and other medications can influence treatment outcomes and patient safety. Subsequent sections explore these cannabinoids’ potential interactions with various medications, offering valuable insight for those considering CBD or THC’s incorporation into their treatment plans.
CBD Drug Interactions
CBD has the potential to interact with other drugs, such as:
Anti-epileptic drugs
Antidepressants
Opioid analgesics
THC
This can alter their effects and potentially increase their levels in the blood. CBD can also interfere with the enzymes in the liver that break down drugs, potentially altering their effects and side effects.
Combining CBD with other medications may pose potential dangers, such as increased levels of certain medications, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. It is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional or pharmacist to gain an understanding of the possible interactions between CBD and specific medications.
THC Drug Interactions
THC can potentially affect the metabolism of other drugs, causing their blood levels to either fall or rise. THC can induce the metabolism of certain drugs, reducing their levels in the body. Examples of medications that may have hazardous interactions with THC include:
Amlodipine
Gabapentin
Lisinopril
Warfarin
Tricyclic antidepressants
It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional or pharmacist to gain an understanding of the possible interactions between THC and specific medications, as well as to assess the potential risks and benefits associated with the use of THC in combination with other medications.
Legal Status and Regulations
Legal status and regulations for CBD vs THC significantly differ based on the country and jurisdiction, affecting access to medical and recreational cannabis products.
Upcoming sections review the legal status and regulations of CBD and THC, offering a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape surrounding these cannabinoids.
CBD Legal Status
CBD is classified as a Schedule V substance, which has implications for its use in medical treatments. Here is the legal status of CBD in the United States:
Hemp-derived CBD products containing less than 0.3 percent THC are federally legal.
Marijuana-derived CBD products are not allowed under federal law.
However, state laws may differ, and some states have different regulations on the matter.
Internationally, the legal status of CBD varies, with some countries allowing its use for medicinal purposes and others prohibiting it altogether. It is essential to research and understand the specific regulations in each country before considering the use of CBD.
THC Legal Status
CBD vs THC in Australia have wildly different situations. THC remains a controlled substance classified as a Schedule 8 substance, which means its use is strictly controlled and must be prescribed by a doctor. It is used in medical treatments for certain conditions, and its recreational use is illegal. However, the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) can grant access to medicinal cannabis products, including THC, under the Special Access Scheme or Authorised Prescriber Scheme. remains illegal on a federal level in the United States, classified as a Schedule I substance, with some state laws varying regarding its medical and recreational use. In Canada, THC was legalized for recreational use in October 2018.
The legal status of THC in European countries varies. Some countries have legalized or decriminalized cannabis to varying degrees, such as:
The Netherlands
Switzerland
Austria
Croatia
The Czech Republic
It is crucial to understand the specific regulations in each jurisdiction, including drug test requirements, before considering the use of THC.
The Entourage Effect: CBD and THC Working Together
The entourage effect refers to the synergistic relationship between various compounds present in the cannabis plant, such as:
These compounds may work together to enhance the therapeutic benefits of cannabis.
Subsequent sections will scrutinize the entourage effect in greater detail, exploring CBD and THC’s synergistic effects, and discussing conditions that could potentially benefit from this interaction.
Synergistic Effects
The synergistic effects of CBD and THC can produce a more balanced and clear-headed experience, as well as enhanced therapeutic benefits, due to their combined effects when taken together. CBD modulates the effects of THC by tempering the undesired side effects and providing supplementary therapeutic advantages. Additionally, CBD may inhibit the metabolism of THC, leading to more potent and sustained effects, while also reducing some of the psychoactive effects of THC.
The entourage effect is hypothesized to be the result of the synergistic combination of various compounds present in cannabis, such as cannabinoids and terpenes, which may have a greater impact than when used individually. Further research is needed to fully understand and validate the entourage effect.
Examples of Conditions Benefiting from the Entourage Effect
The entourage effect may prove beneficial for conditions such as pain management, epilepsy, and mental health disorders. Studies have indicated that CBD and CBDa-enriched hemp extracts possess anticonvulsant properties when treating epilepsy, and the addition of terpenes to cannabinoids can contribute to the entourage effect. Furthermore, CBD has been shown to induce a pro-hedonic effect in rats, suggesting its potential to treat depression and anxiety.
The potential advantages of the entourage effect include increased therapeutic efficacy, enhanced bioavailability, and diminished side effects. As research advances, a deeper understanding of the entourage effect and its potential benefits for various conditions may emerge.
Summary
In summary, a CBD vs THC analysis shows that these two primary cannabinoids found in cannabis plants each have their own unique properties, functions, and effects on the body. Both cannabinoids have demonstrated potential medical applications, with ongoing research exploring their therapeutic benefits for various conditions.
The entourage effect, a synergistic interaction between CBD, THC, and other cannabis compounds, may further enhance the therapeutic potential of cannabis. However, it is essential to be aware of the potential adverse effects, risks, and drug interactions associated with CBD and THC use, as well as the legal status and regulations surrounding these cannabinoids. As our understanding of CBD and THC continues to evolve, so too will our ability to harness their potential benefits for the betterment of human health.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the side effects of THC drops?
The most common side effects of medicinal cannabis treatments such as THC drops are fatigue and sedation, vertigo, nausea and vomiting, fever, decreased or increased appetite, dry mouth, and diarrhoea.
What are the benefits of THC in Australia?
Medicinal cannabis has proven benefits for people with cancer in the form of pain relief, reduced nausea from chemotherapy, and improved appetite. It is an add-on medicine prescribed by doctors to help manage symptoms associated with serious medical conditions.
Is THC oil harmful to kidneys or liver?
Based on available evidence, cannabis does not appear to directly harm kidneys in healthy individuals. However, those with chronic kidney disease should monitor their renal function closely and use the lowest effective dose when using cannabis to avoid potential impacts on transplant candidacy.
What is considered high THC?
High THC levels can be found in cannabis concentrates such as shatter, wax, butters and oils, with levels ranging from 60-90%. These products are used for dabbing and to produce vaping cartridges and infused joints, and are the main ingredient in edibles.
Get Top-Genetics & fresh seeds delivered fast!
We offer top-quality heirloom, herb and cannabis seeds for souvenir purchases. We offer genuine domestic Australia shipping and support, and ship our seeds using 100% Earth-friendly and compostable packaging.
Get fresh Australia cannabis seeds delivered to your door in less than a week from payment.
